All the unadorned letters a-z stand for themselves in IPA. For showing combining characters, o is used for a vowel, c for a consonant, and x for an indeterminate character.

These affricates and double-articulated sounds (written with a tie bar in proper IPA) are autodetected, so to distinguish the affricate from the sequence, use the hyphen to separate: ts dz tS dZ ts\ dz\ tK kp gb Nm